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Hire Java Developers from Central Europe

Hire senior remote Java developers with strong technical and communication skills for your project

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Java Use Cases

  • Enterprise software development

    Java is widely used to build enterprise-level applications, such as customer relationship management (CRM) systems, enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, and supply chain management (SCM) systems.

  • Web development:

    Java is used to build dynamic and interactive websites, web applications, and web services.

  • Mobile app development:

    Java is the primary language for developing Android apps.

  • Internet of Things (IoT) development:

    Java is used to build IoT applications, such as those used in smart homes and smart cities.

  • Embedded systems:

    Java is used to build embedded systems, such as those used in automobiles and medical devices.

  • Scientific and technical applications:

    Java is used in the development of scientific and technical applications, such as image processing, computer-aided design (CAD), and financial modeling.

  • Big Data:

    Java is popularly used in big data technologies like Hadoop, Spark and Storm.

Top Skills to Look For in a Java Developer

  • Strong programming skills in Java:

    The developer should have a deep understanding of the Java programming language, including object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts, data structures, and algorithms.

  • Experience with Java frameworks:

    The developer should be proficient in using popular Java frameworks, such as Spring, Hibernate, or Struts.

  • Knowledge of web development:

    The developer should have a good understanding of web development concepts and technologies, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and web services (REST, SOAP).

  • Database skills:

    The developer should be familiar with database concepts and should have experience working with databases, such as MySQL, Oracle, or SQL Server.

  • Experience with Agile methodologies:

    The developer should have experience working in Agile development environments, such as Scrum or Kanban, and should be able to work effectively in a team.

  • Problem-solving skills:

    A Java developer should have strong problem-solving skills, and should be able to troubleshoot and debug code effectively.

  • Good communication skills:

    As Java developer work mostly in team, they should be able to communicate effectively with team members, stakeholders and clients.

  • Familiarity with cloud technologies like AWS, Azure, or GCP would be an added advantage in today's context

  • Familiarity with tools like Git, JIRA, and Jenkins would be an added advantage

  • Familiarity with Java 8 and above features would be an added advantage

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Java Interview Questions

What is the difference between "ArrayList" and "LinkedList" in Java?

 

Both “ArrayList” and “LinkedList” implement the “List” interface, but they have different underlying implementations:

 

   – “ArrayList” is backed by an array. It provides fast random access with O(1) complexity but can be slow in inserting or deleting elements in the middle since it may require shifting elements.

   – “LinkedList” is implemented using a doubly-linked list. It provides faster insertion and deletion at O(1) complexity (if the node reference is known, such as with an iterator), but getting an element at a specific index has O(n) complexity.

Describe the concept of object immutability. Name a few immutable classes in Java.

An immutable object is one whose state cannot be changed after it is created. Making an object immutable can provide thread-safety and reduce potential side effects. Examples of immutable classes in Java are “String”, “Integer”, “Double”, “LocalDate”, and “LocalTime”.

Explain the difference between "Comparator" and "Comparable" in Java.

Both are interfaces used for object comparison:

   – “Comparable” is used for providing a single natural sorting order for the implementing class via its “compareTo” method.

   – “Comparator” is used to define multiple different ways to compare instances of a class. It’s typically used when we want to sort a list of objects in ways other than their natural ordering.

How does Java's garbage collection work?

Java provides automatic garbage collection. The JVM periodically runs the garbage collector (GC) to find and delete objects that are no longer reachable in the application. The main algorithms include generational collection where the heap is divided into Young and Old generations, with the idea that most objects quickly become unreachable.

What is the difference between "synchronized" methods and "synchronized" blocks?

Both are used to achieve synchronization in multithreading:

   – A “synchronized” method locks on the object’s monitor (or the class’s monitor for static methods). When a thread enters a synchronized method, no other thread can access any synchronized methods on the same object.

   – A “synchronized” block allows finer-grained locking by specifying exactly what object’s monitor to lock on. This can help in reducing contention by not locking the entire method.

Describe the Java Memory Model

The Java Memory Model (JMM) is an abstraction of the underlying computer architecture and provides a specification that guarantees visibility of changes to variables made by one thread to another. It defines rules and semantics for reading and writing volatile and non-volatile variables in a multithreaded environment.

What is the purpose of the "volatile" keyword?

In Java, the “volatile” keyword is used to indicate that a variable’s value might be changed by multiple threads simultaneously. It guarantees visibility of changes to a variable across threads. When a variable is declared as volatile, reads and writes to that variable are directly done on the main memory, avoiding local thread caches.

How does the "try-with-resources" statement work in Java?

Introduced in Java 7, “try-with-resources” simplifies resource management. Any object that implements the “AutoCloseable” interface (like “InputStream” or “OutputStream”) can be used with this statement. When the try block is exited, either due to successful completion or because of an exception, the “close()” method on the resource is automatically called.

What is type erasure in the context of Java generics?

Type erasure is a process where the generic type information is removed during compilation, and the code is transformed to use the raw type (Object, for example). This is done for backward compatibility with older Java versions that didn’t have generics. The compiler inserts necessary casts in the bytecode to ensure type safety.

Explain the difference between "==" and "equals()" in Java

The “==” operator checks for reference equality, meaning it checks if two references point to the same memory location. The “equals()” method checks for content equality and needs to be overridden for custom objects to provide meaningful checks. By default, the “equals()” method in the “Object” class behaves the same as “==”.

What are the key differences between checked and unchecked exceptions?

Checked exceptions are those exceptions that need to be either caught or declared in the method signature using the “throws” keyword. They are used for scenarios where the client can take corrective action. Examples include “IOException” and “SQLException”. Unchecked exceptions, derived from “RuntimeException”, don’t need to be declared or caught, and they generally represent programming errors. Examples include “NullPointerException” and “ArithmeticException”.

Describe the difference between "final", "finally", and "finalize"

– final: A keyword that can be applied to classes, methods, and variables. 

    – Classes: Prevents inheritance.

    – Methods: Prevents method overriding in subclasses.

    – Variables: Makes them immutable once assigned.

– finally: A block in a try-catch structure that ensures its contained code always runs, regardless of exceptions being thrown or not.

– finalize: A method in the “Object” class which is invoked by the garbage collector before discarding objects, giving an opportunity to release system resources or perform cleanup.

Can you explain the difference between an interface and an abstract class in Java?

  – Interface: It is a completely ‘abstract’ type that can be used to represent common behaviors of objects. Interfaces can’t contain any concrete methods (prior to Java 8, after which default and static methods were introduced).

   – Abstract Class: It’s a class that cannot be instantiated on its own and can have both abstract (without implementation) and concrete (with implementation) methods.

How do you handle exceptions in Java?

In Java, exceptions are handled using “try”, “catch”, and “finally” blocks. We wrap the code that might throw an exception inside a “try” block and catch the exception in corresponding “catch” blocks. The “finally” block, if present, always executes regardless of an exception occurring.

Can you explain the concept of polymorphism in Java?

Polymorphism in Java allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass. The most common use is when a parent class reference points to a child class object. This helps in writing generic and reusable code.

How do you implement threading in Java?

Threading in Java can be implemented by either extending the “Thread” class or implementing the “Runnable” interface. After that, the “start()” method is called to execute the thread.

Can you explain the difference between a HashMap and a TreeMap in Java?

“HashMap” is based on the hash table and provides constant-time performance for basic operations. “TreeMap” is based on a red-black tree and orders its keys based on their natural ordering or a custom comparator. So, “HashMap” offers faster operations but doesn’t maintain order, while “TreeMap” is slower but provides sorted key order.

How do you ensure the security of a Java application?

Java security can be ensured by using Java’s built-in security features like the Java Security Manager, bytecode verification, and JAAS. Additionally, always validating input, using prepared statements for SQL, following best practices, and keeping libraries/frameworks up-to-date are essential.

Can you explain the role of a Servlet and how it works?

A Servlet is a Java class that handles requests, processes them, and sends back a response. It works as an intermediary between the client and the server in a Java web application. Servlets receive the request, process it (like querying a database), and then generate a response.

Can you explain the concept of MVC architecture and how it is implemented in Java Spring?

The MVC (Model-View-Controller) pattern is a design pattern that breaks an application into three interconnected components, which makes it easier to manage, scale, and maintain applications, especially web applications. Spring’s web MVC framework is designed around the MVC pattern, and it integrates seamlessly with the Spring core container.

 

Here’s a brief overview of how the MVC pattern works in Spring:

 

  1. Model: Represents the data structure and business logic. It is usually composed of POJOs (Plain Old Java Objects) and can leverage Spring’s dependency injection to manage services, data sources, and other necessary components. It is responsible for retrieving and storing data, often from a database.

 

  1. View: Represents the presentation layer. In Spring, views are usually JSPs, Thymeleaf templates, or other templating systems, but Spring is flexible enough to integrate with various view technologies. The View takes the model data and displays it to the user.

 

  1. Controller: Acts as an interface between Model and View. It takes the user’s requests and inputs, processes them (with possible updates to the Model), and returns the appropriate View. In Spring, controllers are typically POJOs annotated with “@Controller”. The methods in the controller are mapped to URLs using annotations like “@RequestMapping”.
Can you explain the usage of JPA and Hibernate in Java?

JPA (Java Persistence API) is a specification for object-relational mapping in Java. It allows Java objects to be mapped to database tables. Hibernate is an ORM framework that implements the JPA specifications. They help in simplifying database operations and interactions in Java applications.

Can you explain the usage of JUnit and its annotations for Unit testing in Java?

JUnit is a widely-used testing framework in Java. It uses annotations like “@Test” for specifying methods that represent tests, “@BeforeEach” and “@AfterEach” for setup and teardown operations, and “@BeforeAll” and “@AfterAll” for one-time setup and teardown respectively. It allows automated testing of code units and ensures code reliability.